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		<title>Python開発入門70 pytest入門！Pythonテストを効率化する最強ツールの使い方を解説</title>
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					<description><![CDATA[はじめに ソフトウェア開発では、コードの動作確認や品質保証のためにテストが不可欠です。その中でも、Pythonで最も人気のあるテストフレームワークの1つがpytestです。 pytestは、簡潔で分かりやすい構文を提供し [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>はじめに</strong></h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">ソフトウェア開発では、コードの動作確認や品質保証のためにテストが不可欠です。その中でも、Pythonで最も人気のあるテストフレームワークの1つが<strong>pytest</strong>です。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">pytestは、簡潔で分かりやすい構文を提供し、シンプルなテストから高度なテストまで幅広く対応します。本記事では、pytestの基本的な使い方から、高度な機能の活用方法までをわかりやすく解説します。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestとは</strong></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestの概要</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>pytest</strong>は、Pythonのテストフレームワークで、次のような特徴があります：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>シンプルな構文</strong><br>複雑なテストケースも簡潔に記述可能。</li>



<li><strong>強力なプラグインシステム</strong><br>プラグインを追加して機能を拡張可能。</li>



<li><strong>自動テストディスカバリー</strong><br>テスト関数やクラスを自動で検出して実行。</li>
</ol>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestの主なメリット</strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>短時間でテストを実行</strong><br>シンプルな構文によりテストを書く手間を大幅に削減。</li>



<li><strong>高度なテストをサポート</strong><br>フィクスチャ、モック、パラメータ化されたテストなどを簡単に作成可能。</li>



<li><strong>幅広いエコシステム</strong><br>pytest-cov（カバレッジ）、pytest-mock（モック）など多くのプラグインを利用可能。</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestのインストールとセットアップ</strong></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestのインストール</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">以下のコマンドでpytestをインストールします：</p>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="pip install pytest" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">pip</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">install</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">pytest</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>インストール確認</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">インストールが成功したかを確認するには、次のコマンドを実行します：</p>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="pytest --version" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">pytest</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #569CD6">--version</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>最初のテストの作成</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">以下はpytestで書いたシンプルなテストの例です。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>テストスクリプト：<code>test_example.py</code></strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="def test_addition():
    assert 1 + 1 == 2

def test_subtraction():
    assert 5 - 3 == 2" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_addition</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">():</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> + </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> == </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_subtraction</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">():</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">5</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> - </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">3</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> == </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>テストの実行</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">以下のコマンドでテストを実行します：</p>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="pytest" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">pytest</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>出力例</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="======================== test session starts ========================
collected 2 items

test_example.py ..                                          [100%]

========================= 2 passed in 0.01s =========================" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">======================== </span><span style="color: #CE9178">test</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">session</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">starts</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">========================</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">collected</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">items</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_example.py</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">..</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">                                          [100%]</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">========================= </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">passed</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">in</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">0.01</span><span style="color: #CE9178">s</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">=========================</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestの基本的な機能</strong></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>フィクスチャの活用</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">フィクスチャは、テスト関数にデータやリソースを提供する仕組みです。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>例：フィクスチャの使用</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
    return {&quot;key&quot;: &quot;value&quot;}

def test_sample_data(sample_data):
    assert sample_data[&quot;key&quot;] == &quot;value&quot;" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #C586C0">import</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> pytest</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">@pytest.fixture</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">sample_data</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">():</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">return</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> {</span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;key&quot;</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;value&quot;</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_sample_data</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">(</span><span style="color: #9CDCFE">sample_data</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">):</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> sample_data[</span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;key&quot;</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">] == </span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;value&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>アサーションの強力なサポート</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">pytestは、詳細なエラー情報を提供します。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>例：アサーションのエラーメッセージ</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="def test_failure():
    assert 1 + 1 == 3" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_failure</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">():</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> + </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> == </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">3</span></span></code></pre></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>出力例：</strong></p>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="assert 2 == 3
 +  where 2 = 1 + 1" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">==</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">+</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">  </span><span style="color: #CE9178">where</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">=</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">+</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>テストのパラメータ化</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">複数の入力データでテストを実行するには、<code>@pytest.mark.parametrize</code>を使用します。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>例：パラメータ化されたテスト</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize(&quot;a, b, expected&quot;, [
    (1, 1, 2),
    (2, 3, 5),
    (10, 20, 30),
])
def test_add(a, b, expected):
    assert a + b == expected" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #C586C0">import</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> pytest</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">@pytest.mark.parametrize</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">(</span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;a, b, expected&quot;</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, [</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    (</span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">1</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    (</span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">2</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">3</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">5</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    (</span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">10</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">20</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">30</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">])</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_add</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">(</span><span style="color: #9CDCFE">a</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #9CDCFE">b</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #9CDCFE">expected</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">):</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> a + b == expected</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestの応用</strong></h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>テストカバレッジの確認</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><code>pytest-cov</code>プラグインを使用してテストカバレッジを確認できます。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>インストール</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="pip install pytest-cov" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">pip</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">install</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #CE9178">pytest-cov</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>実行</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="pytest --cov=my_project" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">pytest</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #569CD6">--cov=my_project</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>テストのスキップ</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">特定の条件でテストをスキップするには、<code>@pytest.mark.skipif</code>を使用します。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>例：テストのスキップ</strong></h6>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="import pytest
import sys

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info &lt; (3, 10), reason=&quot;Python 3.10以上で必要&quot;)
def test_feature():
    assert True" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #C586C0">import</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> pytest</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #C586C0">import</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> sys</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #DCDCAA">@pytest.mark.skipif</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">(sys.version_info &lt; (</span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">3</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">, </span><span style="color: #B5CEA8">10</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">), </span><span style="color: #9CDCFE">reason</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">=</span><span style="color: #CE9178">&quot;Python 3.10以上で必要&quot;</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">def</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #DCDCAA">test_feature</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">():</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #C586C0">assert</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4"> </span><span style="color: #569CD6">True</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>CI/CDとの統合</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">pytestは、GitHub ActionsやJenkinsなどのCI/CDツールと簡単に統合できます。</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>GitHub Actionsの設定例</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><code>.github/workflows/ci.yml</code></p>



<div class="wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro" data-code-block-pro-font-family="Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono" style="font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)"><span style="display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="54" height="14" viewBox="0 0 54 14"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(1 1)"><circle cx="6" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FF5F56" stroke="#E0443E" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="26" cy="6" r="6" fill="#FFBD2E" stroke="#DEA123" stroke-width=".5"></circle><circle cx="46" cy="6" r="6" fill="#27C93F" stroke="#1AAB29" stroke-width=".5"></circle></g></svg></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" data-code="name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
        with:
          python-version: 3.x
      - run: pip install pytest
      - run: pytest" style="color:#D4D4D4;display:none" aria-label="Copy" class="code-block-pro-copy-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:24px;height:24px" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path class="with-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4"></path><path class="without-check" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2"></path></svg></span><pre class="shiki dark-plus" style="background-color: #1E1E1E" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">name</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">CI</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">on</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">  </span><span style="color: #569CD6">push</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #569CD6">branches</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">      - </span><span style="color: #CE9178">main</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #569CD6">jobs</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">  </span><span style="color: #569CD6">test</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #569CD6">runs-on</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">    </span><span style="color: #569CD6">steps</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">      - </span><span style="color: #569CD6">uses</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">      - </span><span style="color: #569CD6">uses</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">actions/setup-python@v2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">        </span><span style="color: #569CD6">with</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">:</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">          </span><span style="color: #569CD6">python-version</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">3.x</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">      - </span><span style="color: #569CD6">run</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">pip install pytest</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color: #D4D4D4">      - </span><span style="color: #569CD6">run</span><span style="color: #D4D4D4">: </span><span style="color: #CE9178">pytest</span></span></code></pre></div>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>pytestを使う際の注意点</strong></h2>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>明確なテスト構造</strong><br>テストケースは明確で分かりやすい名前を付けましょう。</li>



<li><strong>モジュールのスコープに注意</strong><br>フィクスチャやテストデータが他のテストと干渉しないように管理することが重要です。</li>



<li><strong>適切なプラグインの活用</strong><br>必要な機能に応じてプラグインを選択し、効率的なテストを実現しましょう。</li>
</ol>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>まとめ</strong></h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">pytestは、Pythonプロジェクトのテストを効率化するための強力なツールです。この記事で紹介した基本操作や応用例を参考に、pytestを活用してテストプロセスを最適化しましょう！</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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